Membrane proteins (MPs) are a class of nanoscopic entities that control the matter, energy, and information transport across cellular boundaries. Directional reconstitution of detergent-purified MPs into well-ordered 2-D or 3-D arrays is notoriously difficult. Proteorhodopsin is the MP used by marine bacterioplankton as a light-driven proton pump, and is postulated to function photophysiologically for global energy and matter transformations. We demonstrated a rapid cooperative assembly process directed by universal electrostatic interactions that spontaneously organizes proteorhodopsin molecules into 2-D or 3-D ordered crystalline arrays with well-defined orientation and packing density, and identified a charge density matching mechanism that selectively controls the assembly process. Understanding this rapid electrostatically driven assembly process sheds light on organizing MPs in general, which is a prerequisite for their structural and mechanistic studies as well as many in vitro applications.
hliang [at] chem.ucsb.edu